Publications
(click on link to access paper)
2023
E. C. Brooks, M. P. Zeidler, A. C. M. Ong and I. R. Evans (2023). Macrophage subpopulation identity in Drosophila is modulated by apoptotic cell clearance and related signalling pathways. BioRxiv
* identification of signalling pathways regulating macrophage subpopulation identity
2021
J. A. Coates, E. Brooks, A. Brittle, E. L. Armitage, M. P. Zeidler and I. R. Evans (2021). Identification of functionally-distinct macrophage subpopulations in Drosophila. Elife. 2021 Apr 22;10:e58686.
* fly macrophages are not a uniform population of cells, are highly plastic and exhibit distinct behaviours in vivo
O.R. Tardy, E.L. Armitage, L.R. Prince, I.R. Evans (2021). The Epidermal Growth Factor Ligand Spitz Modulates Macrophage Efferocytosis, Wound Responses and Migration Dynamics During Drosophila Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 8;9:636024.
* EGF ligands regulate macrophage behaviour in the fly embryo
2020
E. L Armitage, H. G. Roddie and I. R. Evans (2020). Overexposure to apoptosis via disrupted glial specification perturbs Drosophila macrophage function and reveals roles of the CNS during injury. Cell Death Dis. 11(8):627.
* development of a model to overstimulate macrophages with apoptotic cells; also shows how tissues beyond the epithelium contribute to the generation of wound signals to direct inflammatory migration to wounds
J. A. Coates, A. Brittle, E. L. Armitage, M. P. Zeidler and I. R. Evans (2020). Identification of functionally-distinct macrophage subpopulations regulated by efferocytosis in Drosophila. BioRxiv
* now published in eLife (2021)
E. L Armitage, H. G. Roddie and I. R. Evans (2020). Overexposure to apoptosis via disrupted glial specification perturbs Drosophila macrophage function and reveals roles of the CNS during injury. BioRxiv
* now published in Cell Death and Disease (2020)
2019
H. G. Roddie, E. L. Armitage, J. A. Coates, S. A. Johnston, and I. R. Evans (2019). Simu-dependent clearance of dying cells regulates macrophage function and inflammation resolution. PLoS Biol 17(5): e2006741.
* the apoptotic cell clearance receptor Simu regulates diverse macrophage responses in vivo; a build up of apoptotic cells in the absence of Simu function distracts macrophages from wounds but Simu also has a role in retaining macrophages at sites of injury via its ability to bind phosphatidylserine
A. J. Davidson, T. H. Millard, I. R. Evans, and W. Wood (2019). Ena orchestrates remodelling within the actin cytoskeleton to drive robust Drosophila macrophage chemotaxis. J Cell Sci. 132(5):jcs224618.
* further investigations of how Ena regulates actin dynamics during inflammatory cell migration
2016
H. Weavers, I. R. Evans, P. Martin, and W. Wood (2016). Corpse Engulfment Generates a Molecular Memory that Primes the Macrophage Inflammatory Response. Cell 165: 1658-1671.
* Draper signalling helps reinforce wound responses and clearance of pathogens via a feedback loop regulating its own expression
J.I. Pueyo, E.M. Magny, C.J. Sampson, U. Amin, I.R. Evans, S.A. Bishop and J-P. Couso (2016) Hemotin, a regulator of phagocytosis encoded by a small ORF and conserved across metazoans. PLoS Biol. 14:e1002395.
2015
I.R. Evans*, F.L.S.M. Rodrigues, E.L. Armitage, W. Wood* (2015) Draper/CED-1 Mediates an Ancient Damage Response to Control Inflammatory Blood Cell Migration In Vivo. Curr Biol. 25:1606-12. * Joint Senior authors
* a tripartite signalling module including an ITAM bearing receptor, Src kinase and a relative of Syk (Shark) regulates wound responses in vivo, resembling how T and B cell receptor-mediated activation of adaptive immune cells
2014
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2014) Drosophila blood cell chemotaxis. Curr Op Cell Biol. 30:1-8.
* Review of the last 2 years literature related to Drosophila hemocyte chemotaxis (directed cell migration).
C. Bilancia, J. Winkelman, D. Tsygankov, S. Nowotarski, J. Sees, K. Comber, I.R Evans, V. Lakhani, W. Wood, T. Elston, D. Kovar, and M. Peifer (2014) Enabled negatively regulates Diaphanous-driven actin dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Dev Cell. 28(4):394-408.
* Ena can turn off Dia in migrating cells to influence what kind of protrusions are made
2013
K. Comber, S. Huelsmann, I.R. Evans, B. Sanchez-Sanchez, A. Chalmers, R. Reuter, W. Wood and M. Martin-Bermudo (2013). A dual role for the βPS integrin myospheroid in mediating Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration. J Cell Sci. 126(15):3475-84.
* integrins are necessary for macrophage dispersal during development with roles in the macrophages themselves and in the tissues over which they move
(click on link to access paper)
2023
E. C. Brooks, M. P. Zeidler, A. C. M. Ong and I. R. Evans (2023). Macrophage subpopulation identity in Drosophila is modulated by apoptotic cell clearance and related signalling pathways. BioRxiv
* identification of signalling pathways regulating macrophage subpopulation identity
2021
J. A. Coates, E. Brooks, A. Brittle, E. L. Armitage, M. P. Zeidler and I. R. Evans (2021). Identification of functionally-distinct macrophage subpopulations in Drosophila. Elife. 2021 Apr 22;10:e58686.
* fly macrophages are not a uniform population of cells, are highly plastic and exhibit distinct behaviours in vivo
O.R. Tardy, E.L. Armitage, L.R. Prince, I.R. Evans (2021). The Epidermal Growth Factor Ligand Spitz Modulates Macrophage Efferocytosis, Wound Responses and Migration Dynamics During Drosophila Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 8;9:636024.
* EGF ligands regulate macrophage behaviour in the fly embryo
2020
E. L Armitage, H. G. Roddie and I. R. Evans (2020). Overexposure to apoptosis via disrupted glial specification perturbs Drosophila macrophage function and reveals roles of the CNS during injury. Cell Death Dis. 11(8):627.
* development of a model to overstimulate macrophages with apoptotic cells; also shows how tissues beyond the epithelium contribute to the generation of wound signals to direct inflammatory migration to wounds
J. A. Coates, A. Brittle, E. L. Armitage, M. P. Zeidler and I. R. Evans (2020). Identification of functionally-distinct macrophage subpopulations regulated by efferocytosis in Drosophila. BioRxiv
* now published in eLife (2021)
E. L Armitage, H. G. Roddie and I. R. Evans (2020). Overexposure to apoptosis via disrupted glial specification perturbs Drosophila macrophage function and reveals roles of the CNS during injury. BioRxiv
* now published in Cell Death and Disease (2020)
2019
H. G. Roddie, E. L. Armitage, J. A. Coates, S. A. Johnston, and I. R. Evans (2019). Simu-dependent clearance of dying cells regulates macrophage function and inflammation resolution. PLoS Biol 17(5): e2006741.
* the apoptotic cell clearance receptor Simu regulates diverse macrophage responses in vivo; a build up of apoptotic cells in the absence of Simu function distracts macrophages from wounds but Simu also has a role in retaining macrophages at sites of injury via its ability to bind phosphatidylserine
A. J. Davidson, T. H. Millard, I. R. Evans, and W. Wood (2019). Ena orchestrates remodelling within the actin cytoskeleton to drive robust Drosophila macrophage chemotaxis. J Cell Sci. 132(5):jcs224618.
* further investigations of how Ena regulates actin dynamics during inflammatory cell migration
2016
H. Weavers, I. R. Evans, P. Martin, and W. Wood (2016). Corpse Engulfment Generates a Molecular Memory that Primes the Macrophage Inflammatory Response. Cell 165: 1658-1671.
* Draper signalling helps reinforce wound responses and clearance of pathogens via a feedback loop regulating its own expression
J.I. Pueyo, E.M. Magny, C.J. Sampson, U. Amin, I.R. Evans, S.A. Bishop and J-P. Couso (2016) Hemotin, a regulator of phagocytosis encoded by a small ORF and conserved across metazoans. PLoS Biol. 14:e1002395.
2015
I.R. Evans*, F.L.S.M. Rodrigues, E.L. Armitage, W. Wood* (2015) Draper/CED-1 Mediates an Ancient Damage Response to Control Inflammatory Blood Cell Migration In Vivo. Curr Biol. 25:1606-12. * Joint Senior authors
* a tripartite signalling module including an ITAM bearing receptor, Src kinase and a relative of Syk (Shark) regulates wound responses in vivo, resembling how T and B cell receptor-mediated activation of adaptive immune cells
2014
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2014) Drosophila blood cell chemotaxis. Curr Op Cell Biol. 30:1-8.
* Review of the last 2 years literature related to Drosophila hemocyte chemotaxis (directed cell migration).
C. Bilancia, J. Winkelman, D. Tsygankov, S. Nowotarski, J. Sees, K. Comber, I.R Evans, V. Lakhani, W. Wood, T. Elston, D. Kovar, and M. Peifer (2014) Enabled negatively regulates Diaphanous-driven actin dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Dev Cell. 28(4):394-408.
* Ena can turn off Dia in migrating cells to influence what kind of protrusions are made
2013
K. Comber, S. Huelsmann, I.R. Evans, B. Sanchez-Sanchez, A. Chalmers, R. Reuter, W. Wood and M. Martin-Bermudo (2013). A dual role for the βPS integrin myospheroid in mediating Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration. J Cell Sci. 126(15):3475-84.
* integrins are necessary for macrophage dispersal during development with roles in the macrophages themselves and in the tissues over which they move
|
Movie showing calcium wave on wounding Wounding the epithelium (red) activates a calcium wave that rapidly radiates away from the point of ablation. More intense green signal indicates a higher concentration of cytoplasmic calcium (via GCaMP3 imaging). This wave is coupled to the production of hydrogen peroxide, which is necessary for macrophage recruitment to these wounds. See Evans and Razzell et al., 2013 for more. |
I.R. Evans*, W. Razzell*, P. Martin and W. Wood (2013). Calcium flashes orchestrate the wound inflammatory response through DUOX activation and hydrogen peroxide release. Curr Biol. 23(5):424-9. * Joint first authors
* calcium waves through an epithelium constitute the earliest response to damage
I.R. Evans, P. Ghai, V. Urbancic, K.-L. Tan and W. Wood (2013). SCAR/WAVE-mediated processing of engulfed apoptotic corpses is essential for effective macrophage migration in Drosophila. Cell Death and Differentiation. 20(5):709-20.
* undigested apoptotic cells can suppress macrophage migration
2011
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2011). Drosophila embryonic hemocytes. Curr Biol. 21(5):R173-4.
* a quick introduction to hemocytes
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2011). Understanding in vivo blood cell migration-Drosophila hemocytes lead the way. Fly 5(2):110-4.
* summarises Development paper (2010) and details genes known to affect macrophage migration in Drosophila
P. Tucker, I.R. Evans, and W. Wood (2011). Ena drives invasive macrophage migration in Drosophila embryos. Dis Model Mech. 4(1):126-34.
* Ena drives migration in vivo (in vitro studies suggest it is a negative regulator of motility)
B. Stramer, S. Moreira, T. Millard, I.R. Evans, C-Y. Huang, O. Sabet, M. Milner, G. Dunn, P. Martin, W. Wood (2011). Clasp-mediated microtubule bundling regulates persistent motility and contact repulsion in Drosophila macrophages in vivo. J Cell Biol. 189(4):681-9.
* a microtubule-binding protein plays an important role in macrophage migration in vivo
* calcium waves through an epithelium constitute the earliest response to damage
I.R. Evans, P. Ghai, V. Urbancic, K.-L. Tan and W. Wood (2013). SCAR/WAVE-mediated processing of engulfed apoptotic corpses is essential for effective macrophage migration in Drosophila. Cell Death and Differentiation. 20(5):709-20.
* undigested apoptotic cells can suppress macrophage migration
2011
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2011). Drosophila embryonic hemocytes. Curr Biol. 21(5):R173-4.
* a quick introduction to hemocytes
I.R. Evans and W. Wood (2011). Understanding in vivo blood cell migration-Drosophila hemocytes lead the way. Fly 5(2):110-4.
* summarises Development paper (2010) and details genes known to affect macrophage migration in Drosophila
P. Tucker, I.R. Evans, and W. Wood (2011). Ena drives invasive macrophage migration in Drosophila embryos. Dis Model Mech. 4(1):126-34.
* Ena drives migration in vivo (in vitro studies suggest it is a negative regulator of motility)
B. Stramer, S. Moreira, T. Millard, I.R. Evans, C-Y. Huang, O. Sabet, M. Milner, G. Dunn, P. Martin, W. Wood (2011). Clasp-mediated microtubule bundling regulates persistent motility and contact repulsion in Drosophila macrophages in vivo. J Cell Biol. 189(4):681-9.
* a microtubule-binding protein plays an important role in macrophage migration in vivo
Macrophages migrate along the developing nerve cord as it separates from the epithelium
Injecting dextran dye (red in merge) to show fluid-accessible space in the embryo shows that macrophages (green in merge) are confined to these spaces (these images show the ventral side of the embryo); only where dye can reach can the macrophages move. Mutants in which separation is perturbed therefore have defects in macrophage dispersal along the ventral side of the embryo. This space opens up during development (compare upper panels with lower panels), allowing further penetration of macrophages. See Evans et al., 2010 Development for more details. |
2010
I. Evans, N. Hu, H. Skaer and W. Wood (2010). Interdependence of macrophage migration and CNS development in Drosophila embryos. Development 137(10):1625-33.
* migration and nervous system development are closely coupled and macrophage migration is largely controlled by separation of tissues to form tunnels that macrophages can move into
S. Moreira, B. Stramer, I. Evans, W. Wood and P. Martin (2010) Prioritization of competing damage and developmental signals by migrating macrophages in the Drosophila embryo. Curr Biol. 20(5):464-70.
* apoptotic cells represent the top priority for macrophages in embryos!
I. Evans, J. Zanet. W. Wood and B. Stramer (2010) Live imaging of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic hemocyte migrations. J Vis Exp. 12(36): pii: 1696.
* how to make movies of macrophages. Warning! - contains embarrassing live imaging of Iwan!
I. Evans, N. Hu, H. Skaer and W. Wood (2010). Interdependence of macrophage migration and CNS development in Drosophila embryos. Development 137(10):1625-33.
* migration and nervous system development are closely coupled and macrophage migration is largely controlled by separation of tissues to form tunnels that macrophages can move into
S. Moreira, B. Stramer, I. Evans, W. Wood and P. Martin (2010) Prioritization of competing damage and developmental signals by migrating macrophages in the Drosophila embryo. Curr Biol. 20(5):464-70.
* apoptotic cells represent the top priority for macrophages in embryos!
I. Evans, J. Zanet. W. Wood and B. Stramer (2010) Live imaging of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic hemocyte migrations. J Vis Exp. 12(36): pii: 1696.
* how to make movies of macrophages. Warning! - contains embarrassing live imaging of Iwan!
|
Drosophila macrophages phagocytosing E. coli bacteria in an embryo
Drosophila macrophages (green via GFP expression) will ingest E. coli (purple) in the embryo via a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages form part of the first line of defence against invading pathogens and we have used this system to image and therefore to understand in more detail what happens when cells of the innate immune system have to deal with invading pathogens. See Vlisidou et al., 2009 for more details |
2009
I. Vlisidou, A. Dowling, I. Evans, N. Waterfield, R. ffrench-Constant, and W. Wood (2009) Drosophila embryos as model systems for monitoring bacterial infection in real time. PLoS Pathog. 5(7):e1000518.
* watching host-pathogen interactions live in Drosophila embryos
A. Defaye, I. Evans, M. Crozatier, W. Wood, B. Lemaitre and F. Leulier (2009) Genetic ablation of Drosophila phagocytes reveals their contribution to both development and resistance to bacterial infection. J Innate Immun. 1(4):322-34.
* macrophages are important developmentally in the embryo but more critical for host defence later in the organisms life
I. Vlisidou, A. Dowling, I. Evans, N. Waterfield, R. ffrench-Constant, and W. Wood (2009) Drosophila embryos as model systems for monitoring bacterial infection in real time. PLoS Pathog. 5(7):e1000518.
* watching host-pathogen interactions live in Drosophila embryos
A. Defaye, I. Evans, M. Crozatier, W. Wood, B. Lemaitre and F. Leulier (2009) Genetic ablation of Drosophila phagocytes reveals their contribution to both development and resistance to bacterial infection. J Innate Immun. 1(4):322-34.
* macrophages are important developmentally in the embryo but more critical for host defence later in the organisms life
Neural crest cells avoid stripes of ephrin-B2 protein in vitro
Neural crest cells are a population of cells that disperse over the embryo along stereotyped routes during vertebrate development. Various proteins help control where they migrate and one repulsive factor they can respond to is called ephrin-B2. Here the cells have migrated out from a tissue explant in vitro onto stripes of ephrin-B2 or negative control stripes. They avoid ephrin-B2 but show no preference on negative control stripes. I identified that Ena/VASP proteins (a family of actin regulators) operate downstream of the receptors for ephrin-B2 to help generate repulsion. See Evans et al., 2007 for more details. |
2007
I. Evans, T. Renné, F. Gertler, C. Nobes (2007) Ena/VASP proteins mediate repulsion from ephrin ligands. J Cell Sci. 120(2):289-98.
* Ena/VASP proteins help to drive cell-cell repulsion
2005
C. Wells, P. Bhavsar, I. Evans, E. Vigoreto, M. Turner, V. Tybulewicz, A. Ridley (2005) Vav1 and Vav2 play different roles in macrophage migration and cytoskeletal organization. Exp Cell Res. 310(2):303-10.
* distinct roles for a pair of Rho GTPase activators
I. Evans, T. Renné, F. Gertler, C. Nobes (2007) Ena/VASP proteins mediate repulsion from ephrin ligands. J Cell Sci. 120(2):289-98.
* Ena/VASP proteins help to drive cell-cell repulsion
2005
C. Wells, P. Bhavsar, I. Evans, E. Vigoreto, M. Turner, V. Tybulewicz, A. Ridley (2005) Vav1 and Vav2 play different roles in macrophage migration and cytoskeletal organization. Exp Cell Res. 310(2):303-10.
* distinct roles for a pair of Rho GTPase activators